What are the rules for using quotation marks in writing?

The rules for using quotation marks in writing are as follows:

1. Quotation marks are used to enclose direct quotations: When including someone's exact words, enclose them within quotation marks. For example: She said, "I will be there at 5 o'clock."

2. Quotation marks are used to indicate titles of shorter works: Shorter works such as articles, poems, short stories, and songs are typically enclosed in quotation marks. For example: I read an interesting article titled "The Importance of Sleep."

3. Quotation marks are used to highlight words or phrases: When emphasizing a specific word or phrase, it can be enclosed in quotation marks. For example: The word "bravery" is often associated with heroes.

4. Quotation marks are used to indicate irony or sarcasm: When using words in an ironic or sarcastic manner, quotation marks can be used to convey this tone. For example: He is such a "great" friend.

5. Quotation marks are used to introduce unfamiliar terms or jargon: When introducing a new term or jargon, quotation marks can be used to indicate its specialized or unfamiliar nature. For example: The doctor explained the concept of "neuroplasticity."

6. Quotation marks are not used for indirect quotations: When paraphrasing or summarizing someone's words, quotation marks are not necessary. For example: She mentioned that she would arrive at 5 o'clock.

7. Quotation marks are not used for emphasis: It is incorrect to use quotation marks solely for emphasis. Instead, consider using italics or bold formatting for emphasis.

8. Quotation marks are placed outside other punctuation marks: In American English, periods and commas are placed inside the closing quotation mark, while colons and semicolons are placed outside. For example: She said, "I love reading." He mentioned a book titled "To Kill a Mockingbird":.

9. Quotation marks are used in pairs: Quotation marks should always be used in pairs, with an opening quotation mark at the beginning of the quoted text and a closing quotation mark at the end.

It is important to note that the rules for using quotation marks may vary slightly depending on the style guide or specific writing conventions being followed. Therefore, it is advisable to consult the appropriate style guide for specific guidelines when writing in a particular context.