What are the rules for using absolute phrases?

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What are the rules for using absolute phrases?

Absolute phrases are grammatical constructions that consist of a noun or pronoun followed by a participle or participial phrase. They are used to provide additional information about the main clause of a sentence. Here are the rules for using absolute phrases:

1. Placement: Absolute phrases are typically placed at the beginning or end of a sentence, separated by a comma. However, they can also be placed within a sentence, usually surrounded by commas.

Example: The sun setting behind the mountains, the hikers continued their journey.

2. No grammatical connection: Absolute phrases are not grammatically connected to the main clause of the sentence. They do not function as a subject, object, or modifier within the main clause.

Example: The storm approaching, the children ran inside.

3. Participial form: Absolute phrases use participles, which are verb forms that function as adjectives. The participle can be in the present or past tense, depending on the context.

Example: The book finished, she closed it and put it back on the shelf.

4. Noun or pronoun: Absolute phrases always include a noun or pronoun, which is the subject of the participle. This noun or pronoun is often different from the subject of the main clause.

Example: The dog barking, the mailman hurried away.

5. Descriptive information: Absolute phrases provide additional descriptive information about the main clause, often describing the circumstances or condition under which the main action takes place.

Example: The car broken down, they had to call for a tow truck.

By following these rules, writers can effectively use absolute phrases to add descriptive details and enhance the overall clarity and richness of their sentences.