Explain the concept of irony in literature.

The concept of irony in literature refers to the use of words or situations that convey a meaning that is opposite to their literal or expected meaning. It involves a discrepancy between what is said or done and what is actually meant or expected. Irony is often used to create humor, emphasize a point, or convey a deeper meaning.

There are several types of irony commonly found in literature:

1. Verbal Irony: This occurs when a character says something that is different from what they actually mean. For example, if someone says "What a beautiful day!" during a thunderstorm, it is a form of verbal irony.

2. Situational Irony: This type of irony occurs when there is a contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. For instance, if a fire station burns down, it is a situational irony as it is unexpected and contrary to what is typically anticipated.

3. Dramatic Irony: This occurs when the audience or reader knows something that the characters in the story do not. It creates tension and suspense as the audience is aware of the impending events while the characters remain oblivious. For example, in Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet," the audience knows that Juliet is not actually dead, but Romeo believes she is and ultimately takes his own life.

Irony adds depth and complexity to literary works by challenging the reader's expectations and forcing them to think beyond the surface level. It can also serve as a tool for social commentary, satire, or criticism. Overall, irony is a powerful literary device that enhances the overall impact and meaning of a piece of literature.