Explain the concept of realism and provide examples from literary works.

Realism is a literary genre that aims to depict events, characters, and settings in a realistic and truthful manner, often focusing on the everyday lives of ordinary people. It emerged in the mid-19th century as a reaction against the romantic and idealized portrayals found in earlier literature.

Realist writers sought to present a faithful representation of reality, emphasizing the objective and factual aspects of life. They often explored social issues, such as poverty, class struggles, and the impact of industrialization on society. Realism aimed to provide a mirror to society, reflecting its flaws and complexities.

Examples of literary works that embody realism include:

1. "Madame Bovary" by Gustave Flaubert: This novel tells the story of Emma Bovary, a young woman trapped in a loveless marriage. Flaubert's meticulous attention to detail and his portrayal of Emma's mundane and unfulfilled existence exemplify the realist approach.

2. "Middlemarch" by George Eliot: Set in a provincial English town, this novel explores the lives of various characters and their struggles with marriage, ambition, and societal expectations. Eliot's detailed and nuanced portrayal of the characters' inner lives and the social dynamics of the time showcases the realist style.

3. "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck: This novel follows the Joad family as they migrate from Oklahoma to California during the Great Depression. Steinbeck's vivid depiction of the hardships faced by the working class and his exploration of social injustice make it a prime example of realist literature.

4. "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee: Set in the racially divided American South during the 1930s, this novel tackles themes of racism, injustice, and the loss of innocence. Lee's realistic portrayal of the characters and the social issues of the time provides a powerful critique of society.

These examples demonstrate how realism seeks to capture the complexities and realities of human existence, shedding light on the social, political, and economic conditions of the time.