Explain the concept of existentialism and its influence on literature.

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the 20th century, primarily in Europe, and had a significant influence on literature. It emphasizes the individual's existence and freedom of choice, as well as the inherent meaninglessness and absurdity of life. Existentialism explores the human condition, focusing on themes such as existence, identity, alienation, and the search for meaning in an indifferent universe.

In literature, existentialism is reflected through various techniques and themes. Existentialist writers often depict characters who are confronted with the absurdity of life and grapple with the meaninglessness of their existence. These characters may experience feelings of isolation, anxiety, and despair as they navigate through a world that lacks inherent purpose or values.

Existentialist literature also explores the concept of individual freedom and responsibility. Characters are often portrayed as having the freedom to make choices, but they also bear the burden of the consequences of those choices. This emphasis on personal responsibility highlights the existentialist belief that individuals are ultimately responsible for creating their own meaning and purpose in life.

Existentialism has had a profound impact on various literary genres. In novels, authors like Albert Camus and Franz Kafka have explored existential themes through their works, such as Camus' "The Stranger" and Kafka's "The Metamorphosis." Existentialist plays, such as Jean-Paul Sartre's "No Exit," delve into the complexities of human existence and the choices individuals make.

Existentialism has also influenced poetry, with poets like T.S. Eliot and Samuel Beckett incorporating existentialist ideas into their works. These poets often explore themes of disillusionment, alienation, and the search for meaning in their poems.

Overall, existentialism has had a profound influence on literature by challenging traditional notions of meaning, purpose, and identity. It has provided a platform for authors to explore the complexities of the human condition and the existential dilemmas faced by individuals in a seemingly meaningless world.