English Literary Genres Questions Long
In Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper', the portrayal of mental illness is a central theme that explores the detrimental effects of societal expectations and the oppression of women during the late 19th century.
The protagonist of the story is a woman suffering from what is implied to be postpartum depression or a similar mental illness. The story is presented as a series of journal entries written by the protagonist, who is confined to a room with yellow wallpaper as part of her treatment. As the story progresses, it becomes evident that the wallpaper becomes a symbol of the protagonist's deteriorating mental state.
Gilman's portrayal of mental illness in 'The Yellow Wallpaper' is characterized by a sense of confinement and isolation. The protagonist's husband, who is also her physician, believes that rest and isolation are the best treatments for her condition. However, this isolation only exacerbates her mental illness, as she becomes increasingly obsessed with the wallpaper and begins to see disturbing patterns and figures within it. This confinement and lack of agency contribute to her descent into madness.
Furthermore, Gilman highlights the societal expectations placed on women during this time period, which further contribute to the protagonist's mental deterioration. The protagonist is expected to fulfill the role of a dutiful wife and mother, suppressing her own desires and ambitions. This suppression of her individuality and creativity is symbolized by the wallpaper, which she describes as "committing every artistic sin." The protagonist's inability to express herself and her frustration with her societal role contribute to her mental breakdown.
Gilman's portrayal of mental illness in 'The Yellow Wallpaper' also challenges the prevailing medical practices of the time. The protagonist's husband, who is a physician, dismisses her concerns and insists on his own treatment methods, which ultimately prove to be detrimental to her mental health. This critique of the medical profession suggests that the understanding and treatment of mental illness during this time were flawed and often did more harm than good.
Overall, Gilman's portrayal of mental illness in 'The Yellow Wallpaper' serves as a critique of the societal expectations placed on women and the oppressive nature of the medical profession. Through the protagonist's descent into madness, Gilman highlights the damaging effects of confinement, isolation, and the suppression of individuality. The story serves as a powerful commentary on the need for understanding, empathy, and agency in the treatment of mental illness.