Analyze the use of satire in Voltaire's 'Candide'.

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Analyze the use of satire in Voltaire's 'Candide'.

Voltaire's 'Candide' is a satirical novel that uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize various aspects of society, including religion, philosophy, and human nature. Satire is a literary technique employed by Voltaire to expose and ridicule the flaws and vices of his time.

One of the main targets of satire in 'Candide' is religious hypocrisy. Voltaire criticizes the religious institutions and their leaders by portraying them as corrupt and self-serving. For example, the character of the Inquisitor is depicted as a cruel and power-hungry individual who uses religion as a means to control and oppress others. Through satire, Voltaire highlights the absurdity of religious fanaticism and the negative consequences it can have on society.

Another aspect of society that Voltaire satirizes in 'Candide' is the philosophical optimism of the time. The character of Pangloss represents the optimistic philosophy that claims everything happens for the best in the best of all possible worlds. Voltaire uses satire to expose the flaws in this philosophy by subjecting Pangloss and the other characters to a series of misfortunes and tragedies. Through this satire, Voltaire challenges the idea that the world is inherently good and highlights the irrationality of blind optimism.

Furthermore, Voltaire uses satire to criticize human nature and the inherent flaws of individuals. The characters in 'Candide' often display greed, selfishness, and cruelty, which are exaggerated for satirical effect. By portraying these flaws in an exaggerated manner, Voltaire aims to highlight the absurdity of human behavior and the destructive consequences it can have on society.

Overall, the use of satire in 'Candide' allows Voltaire to critique and expose the flaws and vices of his time. Through humor, irony, and exaggeration, he challenges religious hypocrisy, philosophical optimism, and human nature. By employing satire, Voltaire encourages readers to question and reflect upon the societal norms and beliefs of their own time.