What are the different types of participles? Explain each type with examples.

Participles are verb forms that function as adjectives or parts of verb phrases. There are three types of participles: present participles, past participles, and perfect participles.

1. Present Participles:
Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the base form of the verb. They are used to describe ongoing actions or states. Examples include:
- The running water sounded soothing.
- The crying baby kept everyone awake.
- The shining sun warmed the beach.

Present participles can also be used as gerunds, which function as nouns. Examples include:
- Swimming is my favorite hobby.
- Reading books helps me relax.
- Writing requires creativity and focus.

2. Past Participles:
Past participles are typically formed by adding -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n to the base form of regular verbs. Irregular verbs have their own unique forms. Past participles are used to describe completed actions or states. Examples include:
- The broken vase lay on the floor.
- The stolen car was found abandoned.
- The written report was submitted on time.

Past participles are also used in the formation of the passive voice and perfect tenses. Examples include:
- The cake was baked by my sister.
- They have already finished their homework.
- The house had been painted before we moved in.

3. Perfect Participles:
Perfect participles are formed by using the auxiliary verb "having" followed by the past participle of the main verb. They are used to indicate an action that occurred before another action in the past. Examples include:
- Having finished her work, she went for a walk.
- Having studied all night, he felt prepared for the exam.
- Having won the game, the team celebrated their victory.

Perfect participles can also be used in the formation of the perfect tenses. Examples include:
- She has already eaten dinner.
- They had never seen such a beautiful sunset before.
- By next year, I will have traveled to many countries.

In summary, the different types of participles are present participles, past participles, and perfect participles. Each type has its own formation and usage, whether it is to describe ongoing actions, completed actions, or actions that occurred before another action.