What are the rules for changing reported apologies in indirect speech?

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What are the rules for changing reported apologies in indirect speech?

The rules for changing reported apologies in indirect speech are as follows:

1. Change the reporting verb: The reporting verb "apologize" is changed to a verb that indicates reporting, such as "said," "told," or "explained."

2. Change the pronouns: The pronouns used in the reported apology are changed to reflect the perspective of the reporter. For example, "I" becomes "he/she," "we" becomes "they," and so on.

3. Change the tense: The tense of the reported apology is usually shifted back one tense. For example, if the original apology was in the present tense, it is changed to the past tense in indirect speech.

4. Change time and place references: If the original apology mentioned specific time or place references, they may need to be adjusted or omitted in indirect speech, depending on the context.

5. Use reporting words or phrases: Use appropriate reporting words or phrases to introduce the reported apology, such as "He/she apologized for," "He/she said sorry for," or "He/she expressed regret for."

It is important to note that these rules may vary depending on the specific context and the tense of the original apology.