Discuss the use of modals in reported speech.

In reported speech, modals play an important role in conveying the speaker's attitude, opinion, or possibility of an action. When reporting someone's words, we often need to change the modal verbs to reflect the speaker's original intention accurately. Here are some key points to consider when using modals in reported speech:

1. Reporting statements with modals:
When reporting statements, we generally change the modal verb to its past form to indicate that the reported speech is not in the present. For example:
- Direct speech: "I can swim."
- Reported speech: He said he could swim.

2. Reporting requests with modals:
When reporting requests, we usually change the modal verb to 'asked' or 'requested' and use the infinitive form of the verb. For example:
- Direct speech: "Can you help me?"
- Reported speech: She asked me to help her.

3. Reporting offers, suggestions, and advice with modals:
When reporting offers, suggestions, or advice, we use the modal verb 'offered,' 'suggested,' or 'advised' followed by the infinitive form of the verb. For example:
- Direct speech: "Why don't you take a break?"
- Reported speech: He suggested taking a break.

4. Reporting ability and possibility with modals:
When reporting ability or possibility, we change the modal verb to its past form to indicate the reported speech is not in the present. For example:
- Direct speech: "I might come to the party."
- Reported speech: She said she might come to the party.

5. Reporting obligations and permissions with modals:
When reporting obligations or permissions, we use the modal verb 'had to' or 'was/were allowed to' to indicate the reported speech is not in the present. For example:
- Direct speech: "You must finish the report."
- Reported speech: He said I had to finish the report.

It is important to note that the choice of modal verb in reported speech depends on the context and the speaker's original intention. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately convey the meaning and attitude of the speaker while using modals in reported speech.