Discuss the changes in time and place expressions in reported speech.

In reported speech, the time and place expressions often undergo changes depending on the context and the tense of the original statement. These changes are necessary to accurately convey the information while shifting from direct to indirect speech. Let's discuss the changes in time and place expressions in reported speech:

1. Time Expressions:
a) Present Tense: When reporting a statement in the present tense, the time expressions usually remain unchanged. For example:
Direct Speech: "I am going to the party tonight."
Indirect Speech: She said that she is going to the party tonight.

b) Past Tense: When reporting a statement in the past tense, the time expressions are generally shifted back in time. For example:
Direct Speech: "I went to the party last night."
Indirect Speech: He said that he had gone to the party the previous night.

c) Future Tense: When reporting a statement in the future tense, the time expressions are usually shifted forward in time. For example:
Direct Speech: "I will visit my grandparents next week."
Indirect Speech: She said that she would visit her grandparents the following week.

2. Place Expressions:
a) Near Place: When reporting a statement with a place expression near the speaker, the place expression remains unchanged. For example:
Direct Speech: "I am going to the park."
Indirect Speech: He said that he is going to the park.

b) Far Place: When reporting a statement with a place expression far from the speaker, the place expression is often changed to reflect the distance from the reported speaker. For example:
Direct Speech: "I am going to Paris."
Indirect Speech: She said that she was going to Paris.

c) Demonstrative Adverbs: Demonstrative adverbs like "here" and "there" are also subject to change in reported speech. "Here" usually changes to "there" and "there" may change to "here" or "somewhere." For example:
Direct Speech: "I live here."
Indirect Speech: He said that he lived there.

It is important to note that these changes in time and place expressions are not fixed rules and can vary depending on the context and the speaker's intention. Additionally, it is crucial to pay attention to verb tense changes and pronoun changes while converting direct speech to indirect speech.