Provide examples of subordinating conjunctions and explain their functions.

Subordinating conjunctions are words that connect a dependent clause to an independent clause, creating a complex sentence. They introduce a subordinate clause, which cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Here are some examples of subordinating conjunctions and their functions:

1. Although: Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk.
- Function: It shows a contrast or contradiction between the main clause ("we decided to go for a walk") and the subordinate clause ("it was raining").

2. Because: I stayed at home because I was feeling unwell.
- Function: It indicates the reason or cause behind the action in the main clause ("I stayed at home").

3. If: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- Function: It introduces a condition in the subordinate clause ("you study hard") that must be fulfilled for the result in the main clause ("you will pass the exam") to occur.

4. Since: Since it was getting late, we decided to leave.
- Function: It indicates a reason or cause for the action in the main clause ("we decided to leave").

5. While: She read a book while waiting for the bus.
- Function: It shows an action happening simultaneously with another action in the main clause ("she read a book").

6. After: After I finish my work, I will go for a run.
- Function: It indicates the time or sequence of events, with the subordinate clause ("I finish my work") happening before the action in the main clause ("I will go for a run").

7. Unless: I won't go to the party unless you come with me.
- Function: It introduces a condition in the subordinate clause ("you come with me") that must be fulfilled for the action in the main clause ("I won't go to the party") to occur.

8. While: While I was cooking, the phone rang.
- Function: It shows an action happening simultaneously with another action in the main clause ("the phone rang").

These are just a few examples of subordinating conjunctions and their functions. They help to establish relationships between ideas and create more complex and varied sentence structures.