Explain the concept of temporal clauses and how conjunctions are used in them.

Temporal clauses are a type of subordinate clause that express time relationships between events or actions. They provide information about when an action or event in the main clause occurs in relation to another action or event in the subordinate clause. Conjunctions play a crucial role in connecting the main clause and the temporal clause in order to establish this time relationship.

Conjunctions used in temporal clauses can be broadly categorized into two types: subordinating conjunctions and coordinating conjunctions.

1. Subordinating Conjunctions:
Subordinating conjunctions are used to introduce temporal clauses and indicate the time relationship between the main clause and the subordinate clause. Some common subordinating conjunctions used in temporal clauses include "when," "while," "after," "before," "since," "until," "as," and "whenever."

For example:
- "I will go to the park when it stops raining." (The temporal clause "when it stops raining" indicates the time at which the action of going to the park will occur.)
- "She was studying while her brother was playing video games." (The temporal clause "while her brother was playing video games" shows the simultaneous occurrence of studying and playing video games.)

2. Coordinating Conjunctions:
Coordinating conjunctions can also be used in temporal clauses, but their usage is less common compared to subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions such as "and," "but," and "or" can be used to connect two independent clauses that express simultaneous or consecutive actions.

For example:
- "He woke up early, and he went for a run." (The coordinating conjunction "and" connects two independent clauses, indicating the consecutive actions of waking up early and going for a run.)
- "She wanted to go to the party, but she had to finish her assignment." (The coordinating conjunction "but" connects two independent clauses, expressing the simultaneous desire to go to the party and the need to finish the assignment.)

In summary, temporal clauses are subordinate clauses that provide information about the time relationship between events or actions. Conjunctions, whether subordinating or coordinating, are used to connect the main clause and the temporal clause, indicating the temporal relationship between them. Subordinating conjunctions introduce temporal clauses and specify the time relationship, while coordinating conjunctions connect independent clauses expressing simultaneous or consecutive actions.