Explain the concept of causal clauses and how conjunctions are used in them.

Causal clauses are a type of subordinate clause that express a cause-and-effect relationship between two events or actions. They provide an explanation or reason for why something happened or is happening. Conjunctions play a crucial role in connecting the main clause with the causal clause and indicating the cause-and-effect relationship.

Conjunctions used in causal clauses include words such as "because," "since," "as," "for," and "so." These conjunctions introduce the causal clause and establish the cause-and-effect relationship between the events or actions described in the main clause and the subordinate clause.

The conjunction "because" is commonly used to introduce a causal clause. It indicates that the information in the subordinate clause is the reason or cause for the event or action described in the main clause. For example, in the sentence "She couldn't attend the party because she was feeling sick," the causal clause "because she was feeling sick" explains the reason why she couldn't attend the party.

Similarly, the conjunction "since" is used to introduce a causal clause and implies that the information in the subordinate clause is the cause of the event or action in the main clause. For instance, in the sentence "He didn't go to work since it was a public holiday," the causal clause "since it was a public holiday" explains why he didn't go to work.

The conjunction "as" is another conjunction used in causal clauses. It indicates that the information in the subordinate clause is the cause or reason for the event or action in the main clause. For example, in the sentence "As it was raining heavily, they decided to stay indoors," the causal clause "As it was raining heavily" explains why they decided to stay indoors.

Additionally, the conjunction "for" is used to introduce a causal clause and implies that the information in the subordinate clause is the reason or cause for the event or action in the main clause. For instance, in the sentence "He was late for the meeting, for his car broke down," the causal clause "for his car broke down" explains why he was late for the meeting.

Lastly, the conjunction "so" is used to introduce a causal clause and indicates that the information in the subordinate clause is the cause or reason for the event or action in the main clause. For example, in the sentence "She studied hard, so she passed the exam," the causal clause "so she passed the exam" explains why she passed the exam.

In summary, causal clauses provide explanations or reasons for events or actions, and conjunctions are used to introduce and connect these clauses to the main clause. Conjunctions such as "because," "since," "as," "for," and "so" establish the cause-and-effect relationship between the events or actions described in the main clause and the subordinate clause.