What is a subordinate clause? Provide examples.

A subordinate clause, also known as a dependent clause, is a type of clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought. It relies on an independent clause to form a complete sentence. Subordinate clauses are typically introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as "although," "because," "if," "since," "when," and "while."

Here are some examples of subordinate clauses:

1. Although she studied hard, she did not pass the exam.
- In this example, "Although she studied hard" is a subordinate clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It depends on the independent clause "she did not pass the exam" to form a complete sentence.

2. Because it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.
- "Because it was raining" is a subordinate clause that provides a reason for the decision mentioned in the independent clause "we decided to stay indoors."

3. If you finish your homework, you can go out and play.
- In this example, "If you finish your homework" is a subordinate clause that presents a condition. It relies on the independent clause "you can go out and play" to complete the sentence.

4. Since I have a meeting, I won't be able to attend the party.
- "Since I have a meeting" is a subordinate clause that indicates a reason for the speaker's inability to attend the party. The independent clause "I won't be able to attend the party" completes the sentence.

5. While I was cooking dinner, the phone rang.
- In this example, "While I was cooking dinner" is a subordinate clause that describes an action happening simultaneously with another action mentioned in the independent clause "the phone rang."

Subordinate clauses add complexity and additional information to sentences, allowing for more nuanced and detailed communication.