What is a relative clause? Provide examples.

A relative clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It provides additional information about the noun or pronoun it is modifying. Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns (such as who, whom, whose, which, and that) or relative adverbs (such as when, where, and why).

Here are some examples of relative clauses:

1. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.
- In this example, the relative clause "who is sitting next to me" modifies the noun "girl." It provides additional information about the girl, specifying that she is the one sitting next to me.

2. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
- Here, the relative clause "that I borrowed from the library" modifies the noun "book." It gives more information about the book, indicating that it is the one borrowed from the library.

3. This is the house where I grew up.
- In this sentence, the relative clause "where I grew up" modifies the noun "house." It provides information about the location of the house, specifying that it is the place where the speaker grew up.

4. The reason why she is upset is unclear.
- Here, the relative clause "why she is upset" modifies the noun "reason." It explains the cause of her being upset, indicating that it is unclear.

5. The car, whose color is red, belongs to my brother.
- In this example, the relative clause "whose color is red" modifies the noun "car." It provides additional information about the car, specifying that its color is red.

These examples demonstrate how relative clauses add descriptive or explanatory details to the nouns or pronouns they modify, enhancing the overall meaning of the sentence.