What is a clause in grammar? Explain with examples.

In grammar, a clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. It can function as a complete sentence or as a part of a sentence. Clauses are essential components of sentences as they convey meaning and provide information.

There are two main types of clauses: independent clauses and dependent clauses. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence, expressing a complete thought. On the other hand, a dependent clause cannot stand alone and relies on an independent clause to form a complete sentence.

Here are some examples to illustrate the concept of clauses:

1. Independent Clause:
- "She went to the store." (This clause can stand alone as a complete sentence.)

2. Dependent Clause:
- "Because it was raining." (This clause cannot stand alone and needs an independent clause to complete the sentence. For example: "She stayed at home because it was raining.")

Dependent clauses can also be categorized based on their function within a sentence. Some common types include:

1. Adverbial Clauses:
- "After she finished her homework, she went to bed." (The dependent clause "After she finished her homework" functions as an adverb, providing information about the timing of the main action.)

2. Adjectival Clauses:
- "The book that I borrowed from the library was interesting." (The dependent clause "that I borrowed from the library" functions as an adjective, describing the noun "book.")

3. Noun Clauses:
- "I don't know what he said." (The dependent clause "what he said" functions as a noun, serving as the direct object of the verb "know.")

It is important to note that clauses can also be combined to form complex sentences. For example:
- "Although it was late, she decided to go for a walk." (This sentence contains both an independent clause "she decided to go for a walk" and a dependent clause "Although it was late.")

In summary, a clause in grammar is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate. It can function independently or dependently within a sentence, conveying meaning and providing information.