What are the different types of clauses? Provide examples for each.

There are three main types of clauses: independent clauses, dependent clauses, and relative clauses.

1. Independent Clauses:
An independent clause, also known as a main clause, is a group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence. It expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and a predicate. Examples of independent clauses include:
- "She went to the store."
- "I enjoy reading books."
- "They are going on vacation."

2. Dependent Clauses:
A dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It relies on an independent clause to form a complete thought. Dependent clauses often begin with subordinating conjunctions such as "because," "although," "when," "if," etc. Examples of dependent clauses include:
- "Because it was raining, we stayed indoors."
- "Although she studied hard, she didn't pass the exam."
- "When he arrives, we will start the meeting."

3. Relative Clauses:
A relative clause is a type of dependent clause that provides additional information about a noun or pronoun in the main clause. It begins with a relative pronoun such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that." Examples of relative clauses include:
- "The girl who won the competition is my sister."
- "I have a friend whose father is a doctor."
- "The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting."

These are the three main types of clauses, each serving a different purpose in sentence construction.