Differentiate between a restrictive and a non-restrictive relative clause.

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Differentiate between a restrictive and a non-restrictive relative clause.

A restrictive relative clause, also known as an essential or defining relative clause, provides essential information about the noun it modifies. It restricts or narrows down the meaning of the noun, making it clear which specific person or thing is being referred to. These clauses are not set off by commas and are necessary for the sentence to make sense.

For example:
- The book that is on the table belongs to me.
In this sentence, the restrictive relative clause "that is on the table" specifies which book is being referred to. Without this clause, the sentence would be incomplete and ambiguous.

On the other hand, a non-restrictive relative clause, also known as a non-essential or non-defining relative clause, provides additional information about the noun it modifies but is not necessary for the sentence's meaning. These clauses are set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence without changing its core meaning.

For example:
- My sister, who is a doctor, lives in New York.
In this sentence, the non-restrictive relative clause "who is a doctor" provides additional information about the noun "my sister." However, even if we remove this clause, the sentence still conveys the same meaning that my sister lives in New York.

In summary, the main difference between a restrictive and a non-restrictive relative clause lies in their necessity for the sentence's meaning. A restrictive clause is essential and cannot be omitted without altering the sentence's intended message, while a non-restrictive clause provides extra information but can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.