How do the MDGs address climate change?

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) do not directly address climate change as a standalone goal. However, they indirectly address climate change through various targets and indicators related to environmental sustainability and poverty reduction. Some of the MDGs that address climate change include:

1. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger: By reducing poverty and improving access to food, the MDGs indirectly contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Poverty reduction can enhance resilience to climate change impacts and reduce vulnerability.

2. Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability: This goal includes targets related to improving access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and sustainable energy sources. These targets indirectly contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation by promoting sustainable practices and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

3. Target 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation: This target addresses the need for clean water and sanitation, which are essential for human well-being and can help reduce the spread of waterborne diseases exacerbated by climate change.

4. Target 11: Have achieved, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers: This target aims to improve the living conditions of slum dwellers, who are often more vulnerable to climate change impacts due to their location in high-risk areas.

5. Target 12: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system: This target recognizes the importance of international cooperation and trade in addressing climate change. It emphasizes the need for fair and equitable access to resources and technologies for sustainable development.

Overall, while the MDGs do not explicitly focus on climate change, they indirectly address it through their broader goals of poverty reduction, environmental sustainability, and improving access to basic services.