What are the factors that contribute to a country's Human Development Index (HDI) score?

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of a country's overall development and well-being, taking into account various factors. Several key factors contribute to a country's HDI score:

1. Life expectancy at birth: This factor reflects the average number of years a person is expected to live from birth. It indicates the overall health and healthcare system of a country.

2. Education: Education is measured by two indicators: mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling. Mean years of schooling represent the average number of years of education received by adults, while expected years of schooling indicate the number of years a child is expected to attend school.

3. Gross national income (GNI) per capita: GNI per capita measures the average income of individuals in a country. It considers both the income generated within the country and income received from abroad.

4. Gender equality: Gender inequality is an important aspect of human development. The HDI considers gender disparities in education and income to assess a country's progress towards gender equality.

5. Access to healthcare: The availability and quality of healthcare services play a crucial role in a country's HDI. Factors such as access to healthcare facilities, immunization rates, and healthcare expenditure are considered.

6. Poverty reduction: Poverty eradication is a significant goal of human development. The HDI takes into account the percentage of the population living below the poverty line and the effectiveness of social protection programs.

7. Infrastructure development: Adequate infrastructure, including transportation, communication, and access to basic services like water and electricity, is essential for human development. The HDI considers the availability and quality of infrastructure in a country.

8. Environmental sustainability: The HDI also considers a country's efforts towards environmental sustainability. This includes factors such as carbon emissions, deforestation rates, and access to clean energy sources.

These factors collectively contribute to a country's HDI score, providing a comprehensive assessment of its overall development and well-being.