How does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure health?

The Human Development Index (HDI) measures health by considering three key indicators: life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, and mean years of schooling.

Life expectancy at birth reflects the average number of years a person is expected to live from birth, indicating the overall health and well-being of a population. It is an important measure of the quality and accessibility of healthcare services, as well as the overall living conditions and lifestyle factors that influence health outcomes.

Expected years of schooling represents the number of years of education an individual is expected to receive, taking into account the enrollment rates at different levels of education. Education is closely linked to health outcomes, as it equips individuals with knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about their health, adopt healthy behaviors, and access healthcare services.

Mean years of schooling measures the average number of years of education received by adults aged 25 and older. It provides an indication of the overall educational attainment of the population, which is also associated with better health outcomes. Higher levels of education are often associated with increased access to information, better employment opportunities, and higher income levels, all of which can positively impact health.

By considering these three indicators, the HDI provides a comprehensive assessment of health within a country or region, capturing both the quantity and quality of education and the overall life expectancy. This allows for comparisons across different countries and over time, providing insights into the progress and development of nations in terms of health.