What is the difference between zero-sum and non-zero-sum games in international relations?

What is the difference between zero-sum and non-zero-sum games in international relations?

In international relations, a zero-sum game refers to a situation where one country's gain is directly offset by another country's loss. This means that the total benefits and losses in the game add up to zero. In contrast, a non-zero-sum game is a situation where the outcomes are not strictly limited to winners and losers, and it is possible for all parties involved to benefit or suffer losses to varying degrees. In non-zero-sum games, cooperation and negotiation can lead to mutually beneficial outcomes, whereas zero-sum games often involve more competitive and adversarial dynamics.