Explain the concept of net present value (NPV) and its significance in capital budgeting.

Economics Capital Budgeting Questions



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Explain the concept of net present value (NPV) and its significance in capital budgeting.

Net present value (NPV) is a financial metric used in capital budgeting to evaluate the profitability of an investment project. It represents the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over the project's lifespan.

The significance of NPV in capital budgeting lies in its ability to determine whether an investment is financially viable or not. A positive NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate more cash inflows than outflows, resulting in a net gain. This suggests that the investment is potentially profitable and should be considered. On the other hand, a negative NPV implies that the project is expected to result in a net loss, indicating that the investment is not financially feasible.

By comparing the NPV of different investment options, decision-makers can prioritize projects with higher NPVs, as they are expected to generate greater returns. NPV also takes into account the time value of money, as it discounts future cash flows to their present value, allowing for a more accurate assessment of the project's profitability.

Overall, NPV is a crucial tool in capital budgeting as it helps businesses make informed investment decisions by considering the profitability and financial viability of potential projects.