Economics Trade Agreements Study Cards

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Economics

The study of how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs.

Trade Agreements

Bilateral or multilateral agreements between countries that aim to reduce barriers to trade and promote economic cooperation.

International Trade

The exchange of goods and services across national borders, typically through imports and exports.

Tariffs

Taxes imposed on imported goods, often used to protect domestic industries and generate revenue for the government.

Customs Duties

Taxes or fees imposed on goods when they are imported or exported.

Regional Trade Agreements

Trade agreements between countries within a specific region, such as the European Union or NAFTA.

Bilateral Trade Agreements

Trade agreements between two countries, focusing on reducing trade barriers and promoting economic cooperation.

Multilateral Trade Agreements

Trade agreements between multiple countries, often negotiated through international organizations like the World Trade Organization.

Trade Negotiations

Discussions and bargaining between countries to reach agreements on trade policies, tariffs, and market access.

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.

Comparative Advantage

The ability of a country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other countries.

Free Trade

The absence of barriers to trade, such as tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, allowing goods and services to flow freely between countries.

Protectionism

The use of trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Trade Deficit

A situation in which a country imports more goods and services than it exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade.

Trade Surplus

A situation in which a country exports more goods and services than it imports, resulting in a positive balance of trade.

Dumping

The practice of selling goods in a foreign market at a price lower than their production cost, often to gain a competitive advantage.

Intellectual Property Rights

Legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, and trademarks.

Trade Remedies

Measures taken by governments to protect domestic industries from unfair trade practices, such as anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties.

Trade Liberalization

The removal or reduction of barriers to trade, such as tariffs and quotas, to promote free and open markets.

Trade Bloc

A group of countries that have signed a trade agreement to promote economic integration and cooperation.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

An international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations, ensuring trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A trade agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, aimed at reducing trade barriers and promoting economic cooperation.

European Union (EU)

A political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe, promoting economic integration and cooperation.

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

A trade agreement among 11 Pacific Rim countries, aiming to deepen economic ties and promote regional trade integration.

Mercosur

A regional trade bloc in South America, comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with associate members and observer countries.

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

A regional development bank that aims to promote economic and social progress in Asia and the Pacific region through loans, grants, and technical assistance.

World Bank

An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of poorer countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

An international organization that aims to promote global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Investment made by a company or individual in one country into business interests located in another country.

Balance of Payments

A record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and the rest of the world over a given period of time.

Trade in Services

The exchange of services, such as tourism, transportation, and telecommunications, between countries.

Trade in Goods

The exchange of tangible products, such as machinery, vehicles, and agricultural products, between countries.

Foreign Exchange Market

A global decentralized market for the trading of currencies, where participants can buy, sell, exchange, and speculate on currencies.

Trade Facilitation

Measures taken to simplify and streamline international trade procedures, such as customs clearance and documentation requirements.

Trade Dispute

A disagreement between two or more countries regarding trade policies, tariffs, or market access, often resolved through negotiations or dispute settlement mechanisms.

Trade War

A situation in which countries impose tariffs or other trade barriers on each other in retaliation for trade restrictions or unfair trade practices.

Trade Balance

The difference between the value of a country's exports and the value of its imports over a given period of time.

Trade Policy

A set of rules and regulations that govern a country's international trade activities, including tariffs, quotas, and trade agreements.

Trade Finance

Financial products and services that facilitate international trade, such as letters of credit, export credit insurance, and trade finance loans.

Trade Promotion

Activities and initiatives undertaken by governments and organizations to promote exports and attract foreign investment.

Trade Compliance

The adherence to laws, regulations, and policies related to international trade, including customs procedures, export controls, and trade sanctions.

Trade Agreement

A legally binding agreement between two or more countries that sets out the terms and conditions for their trade relationship.

Trade Negotiator

A person or representative who engages in negotiations on behalf of a country or organization to reach trade agreements and resolve trade disputes.

Trade Barrier

Any measure that restricts or impedes international trade, such as tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and technical barriers to trade.

Trade Integration

The process of deepening economic cooperation and integration between countries through the removal of trade barriers and the harmonization of trade policies.

Trade Policy Review

A systematic examination of a country's trade policies and practices, conducted by the World Trade Organization to ensure transparency and compliance with international trade rules.

Trade Facilitation Agreement

An agreement negotiated by the World Trade Organization to simplify and streamline customs procedures and other trade-related processes, aiming to reduce trade costs and enhance competitiveness.

Trade in Value Added

A measure of the value added by each country in the production of a good or service that is exported or imported.

Trade in Intellectual Property

The exchange of intellectual property rights, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights, between countries.

Trade in Environmental Goods

The exchange of goods and services that contribute to environmental protection, such as renewable energy technologies and waste management systems.

Trade in Digital Services

The exchange of digital services, such as e-commerce, cloud computing, and digital payments, between countries.

Trade in Agricultural Products

The exchange of agricultural goods, such as crops, livestock, and processed food products, between countries.