Economics Options And Futures Study Cards

Enhance Your Learning with Economics - Options and Futures Flash Cards for quick learning



Options

Financial derivatives that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time period.

Futures

Financial contracts obligating the buyer to purchase an asset or the seller to sell an asset, such as a physical commodity or a financial instrument, at a predetermined future date and price.

Call Option

An options contract that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset at a specified price within a specific time period.

Put Option

An options contract that gives the holder the right to sell the underlying asset at a specified price within a specific time period.

Long Position

The buying of a security, such as a stock or an option, with the expectation that its price will rise.

Short Position

The selling of a security, such as a stock or an option, with the expectation that its price will fall.

Strike Price

The predetermined price at which the holder of an option can buy or sell the underlying asset.

Expiration Date

The date on which an options contract becomes invalid and the right to exercise it no longer exists.

In-the-Money

An options contract that has intrinsic value, meaning the option is currently profitable if exercised.

Out-of-the-Money

An options contract that has no intrinsic value, meaning the option is currently not profitable if exercised.

At-the-Money

An options contract where the strike price is equal to the current price of the underlying asset.

Leverage

The use of borrowed money to increase the potential return of an investment.

Margin

The amount of money or collateral required by a broker to trade on margin or to hold a futures position.

Volatility

A statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index.

Delta

A measure of the sensitivity of the price of an option to changes in the price of the underlying asset.

Gamma

A measure of the rate of change in the delta of an option for a one-point change in the price of the underlying asset.

Vega

A measure of the sensitivity of the price of an option to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.

Theta

A measure of the rate of decline in the value of an option over time.

Rho

A measure of the sensitivity of the price of an option to changes in interest rates.

Covered Call

A strategy in which an investor sells a call option on a security that is owned in their portfolio, providing downside protection and generating income from the premium received.

Protective Put

A strategy in which an investor buys a put option on a security that is owned in their portfolio, providing downside protection in case of a price decline.

Straddle

A strategy in which an investor buys both a call option and a put option on the same underlying asset, with the same strike price and expiration date, in anticipation of a significant price move.

Strangle

A strategy in which an investor buys both a call option and a put option on the same underlying asset, but with different strike prices, in anticipation of a significant price move.

Butterfly Spread

A strategy in which an investor combines a bull spread and a bear spread using three different strike prices, resulting in limited risk and limited profit potential.

Calendar Spread

A strategy in which an investor buys and sells two options with the same strike price but different expiration dates, taking advantage of time decay and volatility differences.

Bullish

Having a positive or optimistic outlook on the price of a security or the overall market.

Bearish

Having a negative or pessimistic outlook on the price of a security or the overall market.

Bull Market

A market characterized by rising prices and investor optimism.

Bear Market

A market characterized by falling prices and investor pessimism.

Market Order

An order to buy or sell a security at the best available price in the market.

Limit Order

An order to buy or sell a security at a specified price or better.

Stop Order

An order to buy or sell a security once it reaches a specified price, known as the stop price.

Stop-Loss Order

An order to sell a security once it reaches a specified price, in order to limit potential losses.

Take-Profit Order

An order to sell a security once it reaches a specified price, in order to lock in profits.

Market Maker

A financial institution or individual that actively quotes both buy and sell prices for a financial instrument, in order to facilitate trading.

Bid Price

The price at which a buyer is willing to purchase a security.

Ask Price

The price at which a seller is willing to sell a security.

Spread

The difference between the bid price and the ask price of a security.

Liquidity

The ease with which a security can be bought or sold without causing a significant change in its price.

Volatility Index

A measure of market expectations of near-term volatility, often referred to as the 'fear index'.

Margin Call

A demand by a broker for an investor to deposit additional funds or securities to meet the required margin level for a position.

Risk Management

The process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks, and taking actions to minimize or mitigate potential losses.

Technical Analysis

A method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume.

Fundamental Analysis

A method of evaluating securities by analyzing financial statements, economic factors, and other qualitative and quantitative information.

Derivative

A financial instrument whose value is derived from an underlying asset, such as a stock, bond, commodity, or currency.

Arbitrage

The practice of taking advantage of price differences in different markets or exchanges to make a risk-free profit.

Contango

A situation in the futures market where the price of a commodity for future delivery is higher than the spot price.

Backwardation

A situation in the futures market where the price of a commodity for future delivery is lower than the spot price.

Commodity

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as gold, oil, or wheat.

Index

A statistical measure of the performance of a group of securities, representing a particular market or sector.

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)

A type of investment fund and exchange-traded product, with shares that are traded on a stock exchange.

Mutual Fund

An investment vehicle that pools money from multiple investors to invest in a diversified portfolio of securities.

Hedge Fund

An investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets, using different strategies to generate high returns.

Options Clearing Corporation (OCC)

A clearing organization that acts as the issuer and guarantor of options and futures contracts traded on U.S. exchanges.

Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)

An independent agency of the U.S. government that regulates the futures and options markets.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

An independent agency of the U.S. government that regulates the securities markets and protects investors.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)

A self-regulatory organization that oversees brokerage firms and their registered representatives in the United States.

Options Exchange

A regulated marketplace where options contracts are traded, such as the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).

Futures Exchange

A regulated marketplace where futures contracts are traded, such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME).

Options Simulator

A tool or software that allows users to practice trading options without risking real money.

Futures Simulator

A tool or software that allows users to practice trading futures without risking real money.

Options Trading Software

Computer programs or applications designed to assist traders in analyzing options strategies, pricing options, and executing trades.

Futures Trading Software

Computer programs or applications designed to assist traders in analyzing futures markets, executing trades, and managing positions.

Options Trading Platform

An online software or website that allows traders to access options markets, view real-time quotes, and place trades.

Futures Trading Platform

An online software or website that allows traders to access futures markets, view real-time quotes, and place trades.

Options Trading Strategies

Different approaches and techniques used by options traders to achieve their investment objectives.

Futures Trading Strategies

Different approaches and techniques used by futures traders to achieve their investment objectives.