Economics Hdi Study Cards

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Economics - Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, used to measure and compare the overall development of countries.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live, which is an important indicator of the overall health and well-being of a population.

Education Index

A measure of the average years of education received by a person in a country, combining both quantity and quality of education.

Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita

The total income of a country's residents, including income from abroad, divided by the population, providing an indication of the economic well-being of the population.

Human Development Report (HDR)

An annual publication by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) that provides in-depth analysis of human development around the world, including HDI rankings.

Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

A modification of the HDI that takes into account inequality in health, education, and income, providing a more comprehensive measure of human development.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A measure of gender-based discrimination and inequality, including reproductive health, empowerment, and economic participation, within a country.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015, aiming to address various social, economic, and environmental challenges and promote sustainable development.

Poverty Index

A measure of the percentage of the population living below the poverty line, indicating the level of economic deprivation and inequality within a country.

Education Expenditure

The amount of money spent on education by a country, including both public and private expenditure, reflecting the priority given to education in national development.

Healthcare Infrastructure

The availability and quality of healthcare facilities, services, and resources within a country, influencing the overall health and well-being of the population.

Income Inequality

The unequal distribution of income among individuals or households within a country, indicating disparities in wealth and economic opportunities.

Human Poverty Index (HPI)

A measure of poverty and deprivation, taking into account factors such as income, education, and life expectancy, providing a multidimensional view of poverty.

Economic Development

The process of improving the economic well-being and quality of life of a population, involving sustained growth, increased productivity, and reduced poverty.

Social Development

The progress and improvement of social indicators, such as education, healthcare, and social welfare, contributing to the overall well-being and quality of life of a population.

Environmental Sustainability

The responsible and balanced use of natural resources, ensuring their availability for future generations and minimizing negative impacts on the environment.

Global HDI Rankings

A ranking of countries based on their HDI scores, providing insights into the relative development levels and progress of different nations.

Regional Disparities

Unequal levels of development and human well-being across different regions within a country, often influenced by factors such as geography, resources, and governance.

Income Distribution

The way income is divided among individuals or households within a country, reflecting the level of economic inequality and social disparities.

Human Capital

The knowledge, skills, and capabilities of individuals, considered as valuable assets for economic and social development.

Standard of Living

The level of material comfort and well-being experienced by individuals or households, influenced by factors such as income, education, and access to basic necessities.

Economic Inequality

The unequal distribution of economic resources and opportunities among individuals or groups within a society, leading to disparities in wealth and living standards.

Human Development Index (HDI) Trends

The changes and patterns observed in HDI scores over time, reflecting the progress or regression of countries in terms of human development.

Education Quality

The standard and effectiveness of education provided in a country, including factors such as curriculum, teaching methods, and infrastructure.

Access to Basic Services

The availability and affordability of essential services such as healthcare, education, clean water, and sanitation, contributing to human well-being and development.

Economic Growth

The increase in the production and consumption of goods and services within an economy, indicating expansion and improvement in overall economic performance.

Income Mobility

The ability of individuals or households to move up or down the income ladder over time, reflecting social and economic mobility within a society.

Social Mobility

The ability of individuals or groups to move up or down the social hierarchy, indicating the level of equality of opportunity and social mobility within a society.

Healthcare Access

The availability and affordability of healthcare services and facilities, ensuring access to quality healthcare for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status.

Gender Equality

The absence of discrimination and bias based on gender, ensuring equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all individuals, regardless of their gender identity.

Income Poverty

The condition of lacking sufficient income to meet basic needs and maintain a decent standard of living, indicating economic hardship and deprivation.

Education Attainment

The level of education achieved by individuals, including primary, secondary, and tertiary education, influencing their opportunities and prospects in life.

Labor Market Participation

The proportion of the working-age population that is employed or actively seeking employment, indicating the level of economic activity and opportunities within a country.

Income Disparity

The gap between the highest and lowest incomes within a society, reflecting the level of income inequality and wealth concentration.

Social Inclusion

The process of ensuring equal opportunities, rights, and participation for all individuals in society, regardless of their social background or characteristics.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, balancing economic, social, and environmental aspects.

Income Distribution Policies

Government policies and interventions aimed at reducing income inequality and promoting a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources within a country.

Education Equality

The provision of equal educational opportunities and resources for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background or personal circumstances.

Healthcare Quality

The standard and effectiveness of healthcare services provided in a country, including factors such as infrastructure, medical personnel, and access to essential medicines.

Social Development Index

A composite measure of social indicators, such as education, healthcare, and social welfare, reflecting the overall development and well-being of a population.

Economic Indicators

Quantitative measures used to assess and analyze the performance and trends of an economy, including factors such as GDP, inflation, and employment.

Income Generation

The process of earning income through various economic activities, such as employment, entrepreneurship, or investment, contributing to individual and national economic well-being.

Education Access

The availability and affordability of educational opportunities and resources, ensuring equal access to education for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic background.

Healthcare Expenditure

The amount of money spent on healthcare by a country, including both public and private expenditure, reflecting the priority given to healthcare in national development.

Social Equality

The absence of discrimination and bias based on social characteristics, ensuring equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all individuals, regardless of their social background.

Economic Policies

Government policies and interventions aimed at promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, and improving the overall economic well-being of a country.

Income Security

The assurance of a stable and sufficient income to meet basic needs and maintain a decent standard of living, providing economic stability and reducing poverty.

Education System

The structure and organization of education in a country, including schools, curriculum, teaching methods, and policies, influencing the quality and accessibility of education.

Healthcare System

The organization and delivery of healthcare services in a country, including healthcare facilities, medical personnel, and health insurance, influencing the accessibility and quality of healthcare.

Social Policies

Government policies and interventions aimed at promoting social welfare, reducing inequality, and improving the overall well-being of individuals and communities.

Economic Development Strategies

Strategies and plans implemented by governments and organizations to promote economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve the overall economic well-being of a country.

Income Taxation

The imposition of taxes on individuals or entities based on their income, providing revenue for government expenditure and redistribution of wealth.

Education Policies

Government policies and interventions aimed at improving the quality, accessibility, and equity of education, ensuring equal opportunities for all individuals.

Healthcare Policies

Government policies and interventions aimed at improving the accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare services, ensuring equal access to healthcare for all individuals.

Social Welfare

Government programs and initiatives aimed at promoting the well-being and social security of individuals and communities, providing support for basic needs and social development.

Economic Incentives

Financial or non-financial rewards and benefits provided to individuals or businesses to encourage certain economic behaviors or activities, influencing economic growth and development.

Income Redistribution

The transfer of income from wealthier individuals or groups to poorer individuals or groups through government policies and programs, reducing income inequality and poverty.

Education Reform

Changes and improvements made to the education system and policies, aiming to enhance the quality, relevance, and accessibility of education for all individuals.

Healthcare Reform

Changes and improvements made to the healthcare system and policies, aiming to enhance the accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare services for all individuals.

Social Justice

The fair and equitable distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources in society, ensuring equal treatment and protection for all individuals, regardless of their social background.

Economic Stability

The condition of a stable and well-functioning economy, characterized by low inflation, low unemployment, and steady economic growth, providing a favorable environment for development.

Income Support

Financial assistance provided by the government to individuals or households with low income, aiming to alleviate poverty and ensure a minimum standard of living.

Education Equality Policies

Government policies and interventions aimed at promoting equal access to education and reducing disparities in educational opportunities and outcomes.