Economics Environmental Externalities Study Cards

Enhance Your Learning with Economics - Environmental Externalities Flash Cards for quick learning



Environmental Externalities

The costs or benefits that arise from the production or consumption of goods and services that are not reflected in market prices.

Positive Externalities

Benefits that are enjoyed by third parties as a result of an economic activity, without compensation.

Negative Externalities

Costs that are imposed on third parties as a result of an economic activity, without compensation.

Market Failure

A situation where the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient, often due to externalities.

Government Intervention

Actions taken by the government to correct market failures and promote social welfare.

Pigouvian Taxes

Taxes levied on goods or activities that generate negative externalities, with the aim of reducing their consumption or production.

Coase Theorem

The idea that if property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are low, private bargaining can lead to an efficient resolution of externalities.

Public Goods

Goods that are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that they are available to all and one person's consumption does not diminish the availability to others.

Tragedy of the Commons

A situation where individuals, acting in their own self-interest, deplete or degrade a shared resource, leading to its eventual collapse.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Environmental Policies

Measures implemented by governments to address environmental issues and promote sustainable practices.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A systematic approach to evaluating the costs and benefits of a proposed project or policy, often used to inform decision-making.

Economic Incentives

Financial or non-financial rewards or penalties designed to motivate individuals or organizations to behave in a certain way.

Carbon Pricing

A policy approach that puts a price on carbon emissions, either through a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system, to incentivize emission reductions.

Renewable Energy

Energy derived from sources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water, with lower environmental impact compared to fossil fuels.