How does the comb sort algorithm work?

The comb sort algorithm is a variation of the bubble sort algorithm that aims to improve its efficiency. It works by comparing elements that are far apart and gradually reducing the gap between them.

Here is how the comb sort algorithm works:

1. Start with a gap value, typically the length of the array being sorted.
2. Compare elements that are gap distance apart and swap them if they are in the wrong order.
3. Reduce the gap value by a shrink factor, typically 1.3 (this value has been empirically determined to be efficient).
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the gap value becomes 1.
5. Perform a final pass of the array using the bubble sort algorithm with a gap value of 1 to ensure all elements are properly sorted.

The idea behind the comb sort algorithm is that by initially comparing elements that are far apart, it can quickly eliminate small values at the end of the array, similar to how a comb removes tangles from hair. As the algorithm progresses and the gap value decreases, it behaves more like a bubble sort, but with fewer swaps.

The shrink factor of 1.3 is chosen because it has been found to be an optimal value for most cases. However, the comb sort algorithm can still work with other shrink factors, although it may affect its efficiency.

Overall, the comb sort algorithm provides a simple and efficient way to sort an array, especially when dealing with large datasets.