Describe the Proxy design pattern.

Describe the Proxy design pattern.

The Proxy design pattern is a structural design pattern that provides a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it. It involves creating a class that acts as an intermediary between the client and the real object, allowing the proxy to perform additional tasks before or after accessing the real object. The proxy can be used to add security checks, caching, or lazy initialization, among other functionalities. It helps in achieving separation of concerns and enhances the flexibility and reusability of the code.