What are qubits and how do they work in quantum computing?

What are qubits and how do they work in quantum computing?

Qubits, short for quantum bits, are the fundamental units of information in quantum computing. Unlike classical bits that can only represent either a 0 or a 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously. This is due to a property called quantum superposition. Additionally, qubits can also be entangled with each other, meaning the state of one qubit is dependent on the state of another, regardless of the distance between them. This property is known as quantum entanglement. By utilizing these unique properties, qubits enable quantum computers to perform complex calculations and solve certain problems more efficiently than classical computers.