What is message passing in parallel computing?

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What is message passing in parallel computing?

Message passing in parallel computing refers to the communication mechanism used by different processes or threads running concurrently on multiple processors or computing nodes. It involves the exchange of data or information between these processes to coordinate their activities and achieve parallel execution.

In message passing, each process has its own local memory and executes independently. When a process needs to share data or communicate with another process, it sends a message containing the required information to the target process. The target process receives the message and extracts the data, allowing both processes to synchronize their actions or exchange necessary information.

Message passing can be implemented using various communication protocols or libraries, such as MPI (Message Passing Interface) or PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine). These libraries provide a set of functions or APIs that enable processes to send and receive messages, manage communication channels, and synchronize their execution.

Message passing offers several advantages in parallel computing. It allows for flexible and dynamic communication patterns, as processes can exchange messages with any other process in the system. It also supports asynchronous communication, where processes can continue their execution while waiting for messages, improving overall efficiency. Additionally, message passing enables fault tolerance, as processes can recover from failures by resending or reprocessing messages.

However, message passing also introduces challenges. It requires explicit programming and careful management of message passing operations, which can be complex and error-prone. The performance of message passing heavily depends on the communication overhead, such as message latency and bandwidth, which can impact the scalability of parallel applications.

Overall, message passing is a fundamental concept in parallel computing, enabling efficient communication and coordination among processes or threads running in parallel on distributed systems.