What are the functions of the Network layer in the OSI Model?

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What are the functions of the Network layer in the OSI Model?

The Network layer, also known as Layer 3 in the OSI Model, is responsible for the routing and forwarding of data packets across different networks. Its main functions include:

1. Addressing and Routing: The Network layer assigns unique logical addresses, such as IP addresses, to devices on the network. It uses these addresses to identify the source and destination of data packets and determines the best path for packet delivery through routing algorithms.

2. Logical Subnetting: The Network layer allows for logical subdivision of a network into smaller subnets, enabling efficient use of IP addresses and better network management.

3. Packet Fragmentation and Reassembly: When data packets are too large to be transmitted over a network, the Network layer can fragment them into smaller units for transmission. At the receiving end, it reassembles the fragmented packets into the original data.

4. Quality of Service (QoS): The Network layer can prioritize certain types of traffic over others, ensuring that critical data, such as voice or video, receives higher priority and better performance.

5. Error Handling and Flow Control: The Network layer detects and handles errors that may occur during data transmission, such as packet loss or corruption. It also manages the flow of data between devices to prevent congestion and ensure efficient communication.

Overall, the Network layer plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining end-to-end communication between devices on different networks, enabling data transfer across the internet and other interconnected networks.