How can thrashing be prevented or resolved?

Thrashing can be prevented or resolved by implementing the following strategies:

1. Increasing the degree of multiprogramming: By allowing fewer processes to reside in main memory, there will be more available memory for each process, reducing the chances of thrashing.

2. Using a larger main memory: Increasing the physical memory size can provide more space for processes, reducing the need for excessive swapping and page faults.

3. Optimizing the page replacement algorithm: Using efficient page replacement algorithms, such as the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm, can help minimize the number of page faults and reduce the likelihood of thrashing.

4. Adjusting the process priorities: Giving higher priority to processes that require more memory can help prevent thrashing by ensuring that critical processes have sufficient memory resources.

5. Using working sets: By identifying and allocating the necessary pages for a process based on its working set (the set of pages actively used by the process), the system can reduce the occurrence of page faults and minimize thrashing.

6. Employing memory management techniques: Techniques like demand paging, where pages are loaded into memory only when they are needed, can help prevent thrashing by reducing unnecessary page swapping.

7. Monitoring system performance: Regularly monitoring system performance can help identify signs of thrashing, such as high page fault rates and low CPU utilization. By detecting thrashing early, appropriate measures can be taken to prevent or resolve it.