What are the main principles of OOP?

The main principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are:

1. Encapsulation: It is the process of bundling data and methods together into a single unit called an object. Encapsulation allows for data hiding and ensures that the internal workings of an object are hidden from the outside world.

2. Inheritance: It is a mechanism that allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class. Inheritance promotes code reuse and allows for the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.

3. Polymorphism: It is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass, enabling flexibility and extensibility in the code.

4. Abstraction: It is the process of simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts. Abstraction allows for the creation of abstract classes and interfaces, which define common behaviors and characteristics that can be implemented by multiple classes.

These principles form the foundation of OOP and help in creating modular, reusable, and maintainable code.