What is the concept of condition number in Numerical Analysis?

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What is the concept of condition number in Numerical Analysis?

The concept of condition number in Numerical Analysis refers to a measure of how sensitive a mathematical problem or equation is to changes in its input or data. It quantifies the stability and accuracy of a numerical algorithm or method used to solve the problem. A smaller condition number indicates that the problem is well-conditioned and small changes in the input will result in small changes in the output. Conversely, a larger condition number indicates that the problem is ill-conditioned and small changes in the input can lead to significant changes in the output, potentially resulting in inaccurate or unstable solutions.