What is NoSQL and how does it differ from traditional SQL databases?

NoSQL, which stands for "Not only SQL," is a type of database management system that is designed to handle large volumes of unstructured and semi-structured data. It differs from traditional SQL databases in several ways:

1. Data Model: NoSQL databases use a flexible schema or schema-less approach, allowing for dynamic and evolving data structures. In contrast, traditional SQL databases follow a rigid, predefined schema.

2. Scalability: NoSQL databases are horizontally scalable, meaning they can easily handle increasing amounts of data by adding more servers to the database cluster. Traditional SQL databases are vertically scalable, requiring more powerful hardware to handle increased data loads.

3. Performance: NoSQL databases are optimized for high-speed data retrieval and processing, making them suitable for real-time applications and big data analytics. Traditional SQL databases are typically better suited for complex queries and transactions.

4. Data Consistency: NoSQL databases often prioritize availability and partition tolerance over strict data consistency. This means that in distributed environments, data may not always be immediately consistent across all nodes. Traditional SQL databases prioritize strong data consistency.

5. Data Storage: NoSQL databases can store data in various formats, including key-value pairs, documents, columnar, and graph structures. Traditional SQL databases primarily use tables with rows and columns to store data.

Overall, NoSQL databases offer greater flexibility, scalability, and performance for handling large and diverse datasets, while traditional SQL databases excel in structured data management and complex queries.