What are the different layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack?

What are the different layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack?

The different layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack are:

1. Application Layer: This layer provides protocols for communication between applications running on different hosts. Examples include HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.

2. Transport Layer: This layer ensures reliable and efficient data transfer between hosts. It includes protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

3. Internet Layer: This layer handles the routing of data packets across different networks. The main protocol in this layer is IP (Internet Protocol).

4. Network Interface Layer: This layer deals with the physical transmission of data packets over the network. It includes protocols specific to the network technology being used, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi.