Discuss the implementation of hash tables with separate chaining in different programming languages.

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Discuss the implementation of hash tables with separate chaining in different programming languages.

Hash tables with separate chaining can be implemented in various programming languages, including Python, Java, and C++.

In Python, the implementation of hash tables with separate chaining can be achieved using dictionaries and linked lists. Dictionaries in Python provide a built-in hash table implementation, where each key-value pair is stored based on its hash value. To handle collisions, separate chaining can be used by storing multiple values with the same hash value in a linked list. Here is an example implementation in Python:

```python
class Node:
def __init__(self, key, value):
self.key = key
self.value = value
self.next = None

class HashTable:
def __init__(self, size):
self.size = size
self.table = [None] * size

def hash_function(self, key):
return hash(key) % self.size

def insert(self, key, value):
index = self.hash_function(key)
if self.table[index] is None:
self.table[index] = Node(key, value)
else:
current = self.table[index]
while current.next:
current = current.next
current.next = Node(key, value)

def search(self, key):
index = self.hash_function(key)
current = self.table[index]
while current:
if current.key == key:
return current.value
current = current.next
return None

def delete(self, key):
index = self.hash_function(key)
current = self.table[index]
previous = None
while current:
if current.key == key:
if previous:
previous.next = current.next
else:
self.table[index] = current.next
return
previous = current
current = current.next
```

In Java, hash tables with separate chaining can be implemented using HashMap and LinkedList classes. HashMap provides a hash table implementation, and LinkedList can be used to handle collisions. Here is an example implementation in Java:

```java
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;

class HashTable {
private int size;
private LinkedList[] table;

public HashTable(int size) {
this.size = size;
this.table = new LinkedList[size];
}

private int hashFunction(int key) {
return key % size;
}

public void insert(int key, int value) {
int index = hashFunction(key);
if (table[index] == null) {
table[index] = new LinkedList<>();
}
table[index].add(value);
}

public boolean search(int key, int value) {
int index = hashFunction(key);
if (table[index] != null) {
return table[index].contains(value);
}
return false;
}

public void delete(int key, int value) {
int index = hashFunction(key);
if (table[index] != null) {
table[index].remove(Integer.valueOf(value));
}
}
}
```

In C++, hash tables with separate chaining can be implemented using unordered_map and list classes. unordered_map provides a hash table implementation, and list can be used to handle collisions. Here is an example implementation in C++:

```cpp
#include
#include
#include

class HashTable {
private:
int size;
std::unordered_map> table;

public:
HashTable(int size) {
this->size = size;
}

int hashFunction(int key) {
return key % size;
}

void insert(int key, int value) {
int index = hashFunction(key);
table[index].push_back(value);
}

bool search(int key, int value) {
int index = hashFunction(key);
if (table.find(index) != table.end()) {
std::list& values = table[index];
for (int val : values) {
if (val == value) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}

void remove(int key, int value) {
int index = hashFunction(key);
if (table.find(index) != table.end()) {
std::list& values = table[index];
values.remove(value);
}
}
};
```

These are just a few examples of how hash tables with separate chaining can be implemented in different programming languages. The specific implementation may vary based on the language's built-in data structures and features.