What is the pumping lemma for context-sensitive languages?

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What is the pumping lemma for context-sensitive languages?

The pumping lemma for context-sensitive languages is a theorem that provides a necessary condition for a language to be context-sensitive. It states that if a language L is context-sensitive, then there exists a constant p (the pumping length) such that any sufficiently long string w in L can be divided into five parts: u, v, x, y, and z, satisfying the following conditions:

1. The length of v and y combined is greater than 0, i.e., |vxy| > 0.
2. The length of u, v, x, y, and z combined is at most p, i.e., |uvxyz| ≤ p.
3. For any non-negative integer i, the string uv^ixy^iz is also in L.

In simpler terms, the pumping lemma states that for any context-sensitive language, there exists a specific length after which any sufficiently long string in the language can be "pumped" by repeating a certain portion of it any number of times while still remaining in the language.

The pumping lemma is a useful tool in proving that certain languages are not context-sensitive. If any of the conditions mentioned above cannot be satisfied for a given language, then the language is not context-sensitive. However, it is important to note that the pumping lemma only provides a necessary condition and not a sufficient one, meaning that there are context-sensitive languages for which the pumping lemma does not apply.