Ethical Hacking Questions Long
Common web application vulnerabilities include:
1. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): This vulnerability allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users. To mitigate XSS vulnerabilities, developers should implement input validation and output encoding to ensure that user-supplied data is properly sanitized before being displayed on web pages.
2. SQL Injection: This vulnerability occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate SQL queries executed by a web application's database. To mitigate SQL injection vulnerabilities, developers should use parameterized queries or prepared statements, which separate user input from the SQL code.
3. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): This vulnerability allows attackers to trick users into performing unwanted actions on a web application without their consent. To mitigate CSRF vulnerabilities, developers should implement measures such as using anti-CSRF tokens, checking the referrer header, and validating user actions with additional authentication steps.
4. Remote File Inclusion (RFI) and Local File Inclusion (LFI): These vulnerabilities allow attackers to include and execute arbitrary files on a web server. To mitigate RFI and LFI vulnerabilities, developers should avoid using user-supplied input to construct file paths and should implement proper input validation and sanitization.
5. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): This vulnerability allows attackers to make requests to internal resources on a server from a vulnerable web application. To mitigate SSRF vulnerabilities, developers should validate and sanitize user-supplied URLs, restrict access to internal resources, and implement proper input validation.
6. Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards: This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to malicious websites or perform unauthorized actions. To mitigate unvalidated redirects and forwards, developers should validate and sanitize user-supplied redirect URLs, avoid using user-supplied input for redirection, and implement proper input validation.
7. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR): This vulnerability occurs when an attacker can directly access and manipulate internal objects or resources without proper authorization. To mitigate IDOR vulnerabilities, developers should implement proper access controls, validate user permissions, and use indirect references instead of direct object references.
To effectively mitigate these vulnerabilities, it is crucial for developers to follow secure coding practices, regularly update and patch software, conduct security testing and code reviews, and stay informed about the latest security threats and best practices. Additionally, organizations should invest in security training and awareness programs for their development teams to ensure a proactive approach towards web application security.