What is a defect and how is it managed in testing?

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What is a defect and how is it managed in testing?

A defect in software testing refers to any deviation or flaw in the software product that does not meet the specified requirements or expectations. It can be a coding error, design flaw, or any other issue that hinders the proper functioning of the software.

Managing defects in testing involves a systematic approach to identify, track, prioritize, and resolve these issues. The process typically includes the following steps:

1. Defect Identification: Testers identify defects by executing test cases and comparing the actual results with the expected results. They may also use various testing techniques like boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, and exploratory testing to uncover defects.

2. Defect Logging: Once a defect is identified, it needs to be logged in a defect tracking system or a bug tracking tool. The defect report should include details such as the defect description, steps to reproduce, severity, priority, and any supporting documents or screenshots.

3. Defect Prioritization: Defects are prioritized based on their severity and impact on the software functionality. High-severity defects that significantly impact the core functionality or pose a risk to the system's stability are given higher priority.

4. Defect Resolution: The development team analyzes the logged defects and works on resolving them. They may involve developers, designers, or other relevant stakeholders to understand the root cause of the defect and implement appropriate fixes.

5. Defect Verification: Once the defect is resolved, it undergoes verification to ensure that the fix has been implemented correctly and the defect no longer exists. Testers retest the affected functionality to validate the resolution.

6. Defect Closure: After successful verification, the defect is marked as closed in the defect tracking system. The closure includes updating the status, adding any relevant comments, and providing approval for closure.

7. Defect Analysis: Throughout the defect management process, it is essential to analyze the defects to identify patterns, trends, and potential areas for improvement. This analysis helps in identifying common root causes, improving the development process, and preventing similar defects in the future.

Overall, effective defect management in testing ensures that identified defects are properly documented, prioritized, resolved, and verified, leading to a higher quality software product.