What is the difference between a greedy algorithm and a dynamic programming algorithm?

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What is the difference between a greedy algorithm and a dynamic programming algorithm?

The main difference between a greedy algorithm and a dynamic programming algorithm lies in their approach to solving problems.

A greedy algorithm makes locally optimal choices at each step, with the hope that these choices will lead to a globally optimal solution. It focuses on immediate gains and does not consider the consequences of its choices in the long run. Greedy algorithms are usually simpler and faster, but they may not always produce the best solution.

On the other hand, a dynamic programming algorithm breaks down a problem into smaller overlapping subproblems and solves each subproblem only once. It stores the solutions to these subproblems in a table or memoization array, allowing for efficient retrieval and reuse of solutions. Dynamic programming algorithms consider the overall structure of the problem and make optimal choices based on the solutions to subproblems. They guarantee an optimal solution but may be more complex and time-consuming.

In summary, a greedy algorithm makes locally optimal choices without considering the overall structure, while a dynamic programming algorithm breaks down a problem into smaller subproblems and solves them optimally, considering the overall structure.