What is the difference between a synchronous CPU and an asynchronous CPU?

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What is the difference between a synchronous CPU and an asynchronous CPU?

The main difference between a synchronous CPU and an asynchronous CPU lies in their clocking mechanisms.

In a synchronous CPU, all the operations are synchronized and controlled by a central clock signal. The clock signal acts as a timing reference, ensuring that all the components of the CPU operate in a coordinated manner. The CPU executes instructions based on the rising or falling edge of the clock signal, and all the components are updated simultaneously. Synchronous CPUs are widely used in modern computer systems due to their simplicity and ease of design.

On the other hand, an asynchronous CPU, also known as a clockless CPU, does not rely on a central clock signal. Instead, it uses handshaking protocols and self-timed circuits to control the flow of data and operations. Each component of the CPU operates independently and communicates with other components through control signals. Asynchronous CPUs can offer advantages such as reduced power consumption, better performance in certain scenarios, and improved tolerance to variations in component delays. However, they are more complex to design and implement compared to synchronous CPUs, and their use is less common in mainstream computer systems.