What are the different types of shading models used in computer graphics?

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What are the different types of shading models used in computer graphics?

The different types of shading models used in computer graphics are:

1. Flat shading: This shading model assigns a single color to each polygon, resulting in a flat appearance without any shading or gradients.

2. Gouraud shading: This shading model calculates the color intensity at each vertex of a polygon and then interpolates the colors across the polygon's surface. It creates a smooth shading effect by blending the colors between vertices.

3. Phong shading: This shading model calculates the color intensity at each pixel on the polygon's surface by interpolating the surface normals across the polygon. It provides a more accurate and realistic shading effect compared to Gouraud shading.

4. Lambertian shading: This shading model assumes that light is reflected equally in all directions from a surface. It calculates the color intensity based on the angle between the surface normal and the light source direction, resulting in a diffuse and matte appearance.

5. Blinn-Phong shading: This shading model combines the specular highlights of the Phong shading model with the diffuse shading of the Lambertian model. It provides a more realistic representation of shiny surfaces by considering both the surface normal and the viewer's position.

6. Toon shading: This shading model simulates a cartoon-like appearance by using a limited number of discrete shades or colors. It creates a flat, non-photorealistic rendering style often seen in animated movies or video games.

7. Cel shading: This shading model mimics the look of hand-drawn cel animation by applying a limited number of shades to create a flat, cartoon-like appearance. It often uses bold, solid colors and emphasizes the outlines of objects.

These shading models are used to determine how light interacts with objects in a virtual scene, resulting in different visual effects and levels of realism.