Differentiate between RAM and ROM.

RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory) are both types of computer memory, but they have some key differences:

1. Function: RAM is a volatile memory that is used for temporary storage of data and instructions that are actively being used by the computer. It allows for read and write operations, meaning data can be both written to and read from RAM. On the other hand, ROM is a non-volatile memory that stores permanent instructions or data that are essential for the computer's operation. It only allows for read operations, meaning data can only be read from ROM and not written to it.

2. Data Retention: RAM requires a constant power supply to retain data. Once the power is turned off, the data stored in RAM is lost. In contrast, ROM retains data even when the power is turned off, making it non-volatile.

3. Data Modification: RAM allows for data to be modified or changed, making it suitable for storing temporary data and programs. ROM, however, is programmed during manufacturing and cannot be modified or changed by normal computer operations.

4. Types: RAM is further classified into different types such as SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM), which differ in terms of speed, cost, and complexity. ROM is also available in different types such as PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), each with its own characteristics and uses.

In summary, RAM is a volatile memory used for temporary storage and allows for read and write operations, while ROM is a non-volatile memory used for permanent storage of essential instructions or data and only allows for read operations.