What is the difference between a CPU and an ALU in computer architecture?

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What is the difference between a CPU and an ALU in computer architecture?

In computer architecture, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) are two essential components that work together to execute instructions and perform calculations. While they are both integral parts of a computer's processor, there are distinct differences between the two.

The CPU can be considered as the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and coordinating the overall operation of the system. It consists of several components, including the ALU. The CPU fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and then directs the ALU to perform the necessary calculations or logical operations.

On the other hand, the ALU is a specific component within the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations. It is responsible for executing mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Additionally, it handles logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT, which are essential for decision-making and data manipulation.

While the CPU handles a wide range of tasks, including instruction fetching, decoding, and control flow, the ALU focuses solely on executing arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU operates on binary data, manipulating bits and performing calculations based on the instructions provided by the CPU.

In summary, the CPU is the overall processor that manages the execution of instructions and coordinates various components, including the ALU. The ALU, on the other hand, is a specific component within the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations required for calculations and decision-making.