Describe the algorithm for computing the intersection of two polygons with holes in Computational Geometry.

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Describe the algorithm for computing the intersection of two polygons with holes in Computational Geometry.

Computing the intersection of two polygons with holes in Computational Geometry involves a multi-step algorithm. Here is a description of the algorithm:

1. Input: The two polygons with holes, denoted as P1 and P2, where each polygon is represented as a set of vertices in counterclockwise order.

2. Initialize an empty result polygon, denoted as R.

3. Compute the intersection of the outer boundaries of P1 and P2 using the algorithm for computing the intersection of two simple polygons. This can be done by iterating over the edges of P1 and P2 and checking for intersections. The resulting intersection polygon is denoted as R_outer.

4. For each hole H1 in P1, do the following steps:

a. Compute the intersection of H1 with R_outer using the algorithm for computing the intersection of two simple polygons. This can be done by iterating over the edges of H1 and R_outer and checking for intersections. The resulting intersection polygon is denoted as R_hole1.
b. Compute the intersection of R_hole1 with P2 using the algorithm for computing the intersection of two simple polygons. This can be done by iterating over the edges of R_hole1 and P2 and checking for intersections. The resulting intersection polygon is denoted as R_hole1_p2.
c. Add R_hole1_p2 to R.

5. For each hole H2 in P2, do the following steps:
a. Compute the intersection of H2 with R_outer using the algorithm for computing the intersection of two simple polygons. This can be done by iterating over the edges of H2 and R_outer and checking for intersections. The resulting intersection polygon is denoted as R_hole2.
b. Compute the intersection of R_hole2 with P1 using the algorithm for computing the intersection of two simple polygons. This can be done by iterating over the edges of R_hole2 and P1 and checking for intersections. The resulting intersection polygon is denoted as R_hole2_p1.
c. Add R_hole2_p1 to R.

6. Output: The resulting intersection polygon R represents the intersection of the two polygons with holes.

Note: The algorithm assumes that the input polygons are valid and do not self-intersect. If the input polygons have self-intersections, additional steps may be required to handle these cases. Additionally, the algorithm can be optimized by using efficient data structures, such as sweep line or trapezoidal maps, to speed up the intersection computations.