Explain the concept of memory management in Assembly Language.

Memory management in Assembly Language refers to the techniques and processes used to allocate, utilize, and deallocate memory resources in a computer system. It involves managing the available memory space efficiently to ensure optimal performance and utilization of the system.

In Assembly Language, memory management is crucial as it directly interacts with the hardware and provides a low-level interface to access and manipulate memory. The concept of memory management involves several key aspects, including memory allocation, memory deallocation, and memory protection.

1. Memory Allocation:
Memory allocation refers to the process of assigning memory space to programs or processes. In Assembly Language, memory allocation is typically done using instructions such as "MOV" (move) or "LEA" (load effective address) to reserve a specific amount of memory for a program or data. The allocated memory can be used to store variables, data structures, program instructions, and other necessary information.

2. Memory Deallocation:
Memory deallocation, also known as memory release or deallocation, is the process of freeing up memory space that is no longer needed by a program or process. In Assembly Language, memory deallocation is typically done using instructions such as "FREE" or "RET" (return) to release the memory previously allocated. Proper memory deallocation is essential to prevent memory leaks and ensure efficient memory utilization.

3. Memory Protection:
Memory protection is a critical aspect of memory management in Assembly Language. It involves setting up access permissions and restrictions to prevent unauthorized access or modification of memory locations. Memory protection mechanisms, such as read-only memory (ROM) and read-write memory (RAM), are implemented to ensure the integrity and security of the system. Assembly Language provides instructions like "PUSH" and "POP" to control access to memory locations and protect sensitive data.

Additionally, memory management in Assembly Language also includes techniques like memory segmentation and paging. Memory segmentation divides the memory into logical segments, allowing efficient memory allocation and protection. Paging, on the other hand, divides the memory into fixed-size blocks called pages, enabling efficient virtual memory management and reducing the need for contiguous memory allocation.

Overall, memory management in Assembly Language plays a crucial role in optimizing memory usage, preventing memory-related issues, and ensuring the smooth execution of programs and processes. It involves allocating and deallocating memory, protecting memory from unauthorized access, and implementing techniques like segmentation and paging for efficient memory utilization.