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An array is a fixed-size data structure that stores elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations. It has a predetermined size, which is set at the time of declaration, and cannot be changed during runtime. The elements in an array are accessed using their index, which represents their position in the array.
On the other hand, a dynamic array, also known as a resizable array or a dynamically resizing array, is a data structure that can grow or shrink in size during runtime. It is implemented using a fixed-size array, but it allows for automatic resizing when needed. Dynamic arrays provide more flexibility compared to static arrays as they can accommodate a varying number of elements.
The main difference between an array and a dynamic array lies in their size flexibility. While an array has a fixed size that cannot be changed, a dynamic array can be resized to accommodate more or fewer elements as required. This resizing is typically done by creating a new array with a larger or smaller size and copying the existing elements into it.
Another difference is that accessing elements in an array is generally faster compared to a dynamic array. In an array, elements are stored in contiguous memory locations, allowing for direct access using their index. In a dynamic array, elements may not be stored in contiguous memory locations, and accessing elements may require additional steps, such as following pointers or performing calculations.
In summary, the key differences between an array and a dynamic array are:
1. Size: Arrays have a fixed size, while dynamic arrays can grow or shrink in size.
2. Resizing: Dynamic arrays can automatically resize themselves, whereas arrays cannot.
3. Memory allocation: Arrays allocate memory for their elements at the time of declaration, while dynamic arrays allocate memory as needed.
4. Access speed: Accessing elements in an array is generally faster than in a dynamic array due to contiguous memory storage.